|
:''Pope John XII can also refer to Pope John XII of Alexandria.'' Pope John XII ((ラテン語:Ioannes XII); c. 930/937 – 14 May 964) was Pope and ruler of the Papal States from 16 December 955 to his death in 964. He was related to the Counts of Tusculum and a member of the powerful Roman family of Theophylact which had dominated papal politics for over half a century. His pontificate became infamous for the alleged depravity and worldliness with which he conducted it. ==Birth and election as pope== John XII was born Octavianus, the son of Alberic II of Spoleto, Patrician and self-styled prince of Rome. His mother is believed to have been Alda of Vienne, Alberic’s stepsister and the daughter of Hugh of Italy. However, there is some doubt about this. Benedict of Soracte recorded that Octavianus was the son of a concubine (''Genuit (Alberic) ex his principem ex concubinam filium, imposuit eis nomen Octabianus''), but his Latin is unclear. If he was the son of Alda, he would have been 18 when he became pope, and he would have been a seventh generation descendant of Charlemagne on his mother's side. If he was the son of a concubine, he would have been somewhat older, possibly up to 7 years older.〔Mann, pp. 243-244.〕 Born in the region of the Via Lata, the aristocratic quarter that was situated between the Quirinal Hill and the Campus Martius, he was given the name of ''Octavianus'', a clear indicator of how the family saw themselves and the future destiny of the son of Alberic.〔Gregorovius, pp. 328-329.〕 Sometime before his death in 954, Alberic administered an oath to the Roman nobles in St. Peter's providing that the next vacancy for the papal chair would be filled by his son Octavianus, who by this stage had entered the Church.〔Imma Penn, ''Dogma Evolution and Papal Fallacies'', (AuthorHouse, 2007), 207.〕 With his father’s death, and without any opposition, he succeeded his father as Princeps of the Romans, somewhere between the ages of 17 and 24.〔Mann, p. 230.〕 With the death of Pope Agapetus II in November 955, Octavianus, who was the Cardinal deacon of the deaconry of Santa Maria in Domnica, was elected his successor on 16 December 955.〔Mann, pp. 244-245.〕 His adoption of the apostolic name of John XII was the third example of a pontiff taking a regnal name upon elevation to the papal chair, the first being John II (533–535) and the second John III (561–574). Right from the start, in relation to secular issues, the new pope issued his directives under the name of Octavianus, while in all matters relating to the Church, he issued papal bulls and other material under his pontifical name of John.〔Norwich, p. 76; Mann, p. 245.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pope John XII」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|